Humphrey's Executor On The Ropes
/Can Congress create federal agencies with power to enforce the laws and prosecute crimes, but which agencies are outside the control of the President? In a 1935 decision called Humphrey’s Executor, the Supreme Court held that it could.
I first wrote about this subject in a post back in December 2016 titled “Can The Separation Of Powers Of The Federal Government Be Righted?” December 2016 was immediatey after Donald Trump had first been elected President, but before he had taken office. The backdrop of the post was the issue of the extent to which the newly-elected President Trump would be able to gain control over a hostile federal bureaucracy.
By 2016, some 80+ years after Humphrey’s Executor, there had come to be some 50 or more commissions and boards in the federal government where the President was restricted by statute from firing the commissioners or members, and thus had limited if any practical ability to direct what the agency would do. My conclusion in 2016 was that, largely because of Humphrey’s Executor, the situation of the constitutional separation of powers in the federal government was a hopeless mess, and that it would be a long time before it could be righted. Sure enough, Trump did not take on this issue during his first term.
But here in the first year of Trump’s second term, he has gone directly after this issue.